美国“灰色地带”网站:不,联合国没有报告中国有大规模的维吾尔穆斯林拘留营
时间:2018-08-23 | 来源:Grayzone.com | 作者:本·诺顿 阿基特·辛格

No, the UN did not report China has 'massive internment camps' for Uighur Muslims

不,联合国没有报告中国有大规模的维吾尔穆斯林拘留营

Media outlets falsely claimed the UN reported China is holding a million Uighurs in camps. The claim is based on unsourced allegations by an American commission member, US-funded outfits, and a shadowy government-funded opposition group.

有媒体谎称联合国报道说,中国在难民营关押了100万维吾尔人。这项指控由联合国委员会一名美国成员、美国资助的机构和一个政府资助的秘密反对组织提出,而这项指控并没有根据来源。

By Ben Norton and Ajit Singh

本·诺顿 阿基特·辛格 撰

Numerous major media outlets, from Reuters to The Intercept, have claimed that the United Nations has reports that the Chinese government is holding as many as 1 million Uighur Muslims in “internment camps.” But a close examination of these news stories, and of the evidence behind them — or the lack thereof — demonstrates that the extraordinary claim is simply not true.

路透社、拦截者网等多家大媒体都报道称,联合国表示,中国政府关押了一百万维族人。但仔细核实这些新闻及其引用的证据就会发现这一惊人的说法是假的。

A spokesperson from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) confirmed in a statement to The Grayzone that the allegation of Chinese “camps” was not made by the United Nations, but rather by a member of an independent committee that does not speak for the UN as a whole. That member happened to be the only American on the committee, and one with no background of scholarship or research on China.

联合国人权事务高级专员办事处(OHCHR)发言人在给“灰色地带”的回复中证实,对中国“拘留营”的指控不是联合国提出的,而是由一个联合国独立委员会的成员提出的, 不代表整个联合国。 该成员恰好是该委员会中唯一的美国人,并且没有关于中国的学术或研究背景。

Moreover, this accusation is based on the thinly sourced reports of a Chinese opposition group that is funded by the American government’s regime-change arm and is closely tied to exiled pro-US activists. There have been numerous reports of discrimination against Uighur Muslims in China. However, information about camps containing 1 million prisoners has originated almost exclusively from media outlets and organizations funded and weaponized by the US government to turn up the heat on Beijing.

此外,这一指控是基于某反华组织的报道,该组织由美国政府的政权更迭部门资助,与流亡海外的亲美活动人士关系密切。此前出现过很多关于中国维吾尔穆斯林遭歧视的报道。然而,有关关押百万维族人的消息几乎全都来自于美国政府资助的媒体和组织。美国政府拿他们当武器来对付中国。

A blatant falsehood introduced by Reuters and echoed across mainstream media

路透社报道存在明显错误 各主流媒体却竞相转载

On August 10, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination conducted its regular review of China’s compliance with the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The review, which is conducted periodically for all 179 parties to the Convention, has generated a frenzied response by the Western corporate press — one which is uniformly misleading.

联合国会定期对179个缔约国进行审核。810日,联合国消除种族歧视委员会例行审核了中国对《消除各种形式种族歧视国际公约》的遵守情况。西方媒体对此次审核反应激烈,其报道误导了大众。

On the day of the review, Reuters published a report with an explosive headline: “U.N. says it has credible reports that China holds million Uighurs in secret camps.”

审核当天,路透社发表了一篇标题极具爆炸性报道“联合国称可靠报告显示中国关押百万维族人”。

The claim was feverishly reproduced by outlets such as The New York Times and The Washington Post to denounce China and call for international action. Even The Intercept’s Mehdi Hasan belted out the breathless headline, “One Million Muslim Uighurs Have Been Detained by China, the U.N. Says. Where’s the Global Outrage?”

《纽约时报》、《华盛顿邮报》等媒体疯狂转发了这篇报道,谴责中国并呼吁国际采取行动。就连拦截者网的麦迪·哈桑也发了一篇令人震惊的报道,标题为“联合国称中国关押百万维族人,国际社会岂能无动于衷?”

The impression readers were given was that the UN had conducted an investigation and had formally and collectively made such charges against China. In fact, the UN had done no such thing.

报道给读者的印象是,联合国已进行了调查并正式地指控中国。实际上,联合国并没有这么做。

The headline of Reuters’ report attributed its explosive claim to the UN; yet the body of the article ascribed it simply to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. And this committee’s official website makes it clear that it is “a body of independent experts,” not UN officials.

路透社报道的标题说是联合国指控中国,但在文章内容里,指控中国的却是“联合国消除种族歧视委员会。而这个委员会的官网上清楚地显示它是由“独立专家组成”,而非联合国官员。

What’s more, a look at the OHCHR’s official news release on the committee’s presentation of the report showed that the only mention of alleged re-education “camps” in China was made by its sole American member, Gay McDougall. This claim was then echoed by a Mauritanian member, Yemhelhe Mint Mohamed.

更重要的是,联合国人权高专办官方发布的关于该委员会提交报告的新闻稿显示,唯一提及中国所谓的再教育“集中营”的,是其唯一的美国成员盖伊•麦克杜格尔(Gay McDougall)。委员会的另一位毛里塔尼亚成员叶麦赫·敏特·穆罕默德对上述说法表示赞同。

During the committee’s regular review of China, McDougall commented that she was “deeply concerned” about “credible reports” alleging mass detentions of millions of Uighurs Muslim minorities in “internment camps.” The Associated Press reported that McDougall “did not specify a source for that information in her remarks at the hearing.” (Note that the headline of the AP news wire is much weaker than that of Reuters: “UN panel concerned at reported Chinese detention of Uighurs.”)

在该委员会对中国的定期审查中,麦克杜格尔表示,她对“可信的报道”表示“深切关注”,这些报道称,数百万维吾尔穆斯林少数民族被大规模拘留在“拘留营”中。美联社报道说,麦克杜格尔“在听证会上的发言中没有具体说明这一信息的来源。”(请注意,美联社新闻专线的标题比路透社的弱得多:“联合国小组对中国拘留维吾尔人的报道感到担忧”)

Video of the session confirms that McDougall provided no sourcing to back up her remarkable claim.

会议的视频证实,麦克杜格尔没有提供任何证据来支持她的惊人说法

This is to say, one American member of an independent UN body made a provocative claim that China was interning 1 million Muslims, but failed to provide a single named source. And Reuters and the Western corporate media ran with it anyway, attributing the unsubstantiated allegations of one US individual to the UN as a whole.

也就是说,一个独立的联合国机构的一名美国成员发表了挑衅性的言论,称中国关压了百万维族穆斯林,但没有提供一个具体的消息来源。路透社和西方企业媒体也随声附和,将一名美国人未经证实的指控归咎于整个联合国。

In an email to The Grayzone, OHCHR spokesperson Julia Gronnevet confirmed that the CERD was not representative of the UN as a whole. “You are correct that the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is an independent body,” Gronnevet wrote. “Quoted comments were made during public sessions of the Committee when members were reviewing State parties.”

在致灰色地带”网站的电子邮件中,人权高专办发言人茱莉亚·孔纳维证实,委员会并不能代表联合国。她写到“你说得对,消除种族歧视委员会是个独立机构。委员会成员在公开审议期间发表了上述言论。”

Thus the OHCHR implicitly acknowledged that the comments by McDougall, the lone American member of an independent committee, were not representative of any finding by the UN as a whole. The report by Reuters is simply false.

这意味着,人权高专办含蓄地承认,独立委员会中唯一的美国成员麦克杜加尔的言论不能代表整个联合国。路透社的报道是完全错误的。

Credible reports’ from US government-funded opposition group with zero transparency

美国政府资助的反对派发表的“可信报告”毫无透明度可言

In addition to this irresponsible misreporting, Reuters and other Western outlets have attempted to fill in the gaps left by McDougall, referring to reports made by so-called “activist group” the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD).

除了这种不负责任的错误报道,路透社和其他西方媒体也试图填补麦克杜加尔留下的空白,他们提到了所谓的“维权组织”中国人权捍卫者(CHRD)的报道。

Conveniently left out of the story is that this organization is headquartered in Washington, DC and funded by the US government’s regime-change arm.

这个组织的总部设在华盛顿特区,并由美国政府的政权更迭部门提供资金,这一点很容易被忽略。

CHRD advocates full-time against the Chinese government, and has spent years campaigning on behalf of extreme right-wing opposition figures.

“中国人权捍卫者”完全就是个反华组织,多年来代表极右翼反对派人物开展活动。

CHRD is not at all transparent about its funding or personnel. Its annual reports contain notes stating, “This report has been produced with the financial support of generous donors.” But the donors are never named.

该组织的财政和人事信息完全不透明。其年度报告中写有“本报告是在慷慨捐赠者的资助下完成的”,但却从不提他们的姓名。

Publicly available 990 IRS filing forms reviewed by The Grayzone show that the organization is substantially funded by government grants. In fact, in 2015 virtually all of the organization’s revenue came from government grants.

由“灰色地带”审阅的990份公开的美国国税局备案表格显示,该组织的资金主要来自政府拨款。事实上,2015年该组织几乎所有的收入都来自政府拨款。

CHRD’s 2015 form 990 discloses that $819,553 of its $820,023 revenue that year (99.94 percent) came from government grants. A measly $395 came from investments, with another $75 from other sources.

该组织2015年表格显示,其当年820,023美元的收入中有819,553美元(99.94%)来自政府拨款。只有可怜的395美元来自投资,另有75美元来自其他来源。

According to its 2016 form 990, CHRD received $859,091 in government grants in that year.

2016年的报表则显示,该组织当年获得政府拨款859,091美元。

The governments that provided these grants have not been disclosed. The Grayzone did not receive a response to several emailed interview requests sent to the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders.

目前,尚不清楚有哪些政府参与拨款。灰色地带网站向“中国人权捍卫者”发出多份采访请求均未获得回应。

However, tax documents uncovered by The Grayzone show that a significant portion of this group’s budget comes from the US government’s National Endowment for Democracy (NED), a CIA-linked soft-power group that was founded by the Ronald Reagan administration in the 1980s to push regime change against independent governments and support “free markets” around the world.

然而,灰色地带网站发现的税务文件显示,该组织一大部分的预算来自于美国国家民主基金会。美国国家民主基金会是一个与中央情报局有关系的软实力组织,二十世纪八十年代由里根政府创立,用于颠覆独立政权并支持“自由市场”。

In 2012, the NED gave the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders $490,000. In 2013, it got a $520,000 grant from the NED.

2012年,美国国家民主基金会向“中国人权捍卫者”拨款490,000美元。2013年拨款520,000美元。

2013 NED funding for the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders

2013年美国国家民主基金会向“中国人权捍卫者”拨款

In 2014, the NED gave the group another $514,068.

2014年再次拨款514,068美元。

2013 NED funding for the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders
2013年美国国家民主基金会向“中国人权捍卫者”拨款
 

This massive stream of funding continued: $496,000 from the NED in 2015, and another $412,300 in 2016.

大规模资助还在继续:2015年496,000美元,2016年412,300美元。

This NED grant in 2015 constitutes more than 60 percent of the $819,553 in government grants CHRD received that year. The governments that provided the additional $323,553 in funding have not been disclosed.

“中国人权捍卫者”2015年获得政府拨款819,553美元,其中,美国国家民主基金会的拨款占比超过60%。剩余323,553美元的政府拨款来源不清

A search of the NED’s grants database further confirms that this CIA-linked US government soft-power organization allocated approximately half a million dollars in 2014 and 2015 to “support the work of Chinese human rights defenders.”

美国国家民主基金会的拨款数据库进一步显示,该组织在2014和2015年拨款近50万美元用于“支持中国人权捍卫者的工作”。

CHRD has used its generous funding to provide grants to opposition activists inside China, bankrolling dozens upon dozens of projects in the country.

“中国人权捍卫者”利用这些钱来资助中国境内的反对派人士和数十个项目。

On its tax forms, CHRD lists its address as the Washington, DC office of Human Rights Watch. HRW has long been criticized for its revolving door with the US government and its excessively disproportionate focus on designated enemies of Washington like China, Venezuela, Syria, and Russia.

在其税收表格上,人权与发展委员会将其地址列为华盛顿特区人权观察办公室。长久以来,人权观察组织因同美国政府接触并过分纠缠于中国、委内瑞拉、叙利亚和俄罗斯这些美国指定的敌人而受到批评。

Human Rights Watch did not respond to an email from The Grayzone inquiring about its relationship with CHRD.

灰色地带网站致信人权观察组织询问其与“中国人权捍卫者”的关系,未予回复。

A who’s who of right-wing opposition activists

有名的右翼反对派

The Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders’ forms 990 also reveal that the board of the organization is a Who’s Who of exiled Chinese anti-government activists.

“中国人权捍卫者”的990报表显示,其董事会成员均为中国有名的海外流亡反政府人士。

The chair of the group is the US-based activist Su Xiaokang, who proclaimed that the Chinese public supposedly “wants the U.S. to watch over activists, and is disappointed when Washington fails.” Fellow US-based dissident Teng Biao is a CHRD director who has sarcastically boasted of how the Chinese communist party dubbed him a “reactionary.”

该组织的主席是身在美国的活动人士苏晓康,他宣称,中国公众“希望美国监督活动人士,但当华盛顿失败时,他们感到失望”。另一位持不同政见者、旅居美国的滕彪是台湾人权运动的理事,他曾讽刺地炫耀中国共产党如何称呼他为“反动分子”。

CHRD’s secretary is the American academic Perry Link, who has built his public reputation on winding up on the Chinese government’s academic “blacklist.” Link testified for the US House Committee on Foreign Affairs in 2014, claiming that the Chinese government is threatening academic freedom in the US.

人权与发展委员会的秘书是美国学者佩里·林克(Perry Link),他因上了中国政府的学术“黑名单”而出名。佩里·林克(Perry Link)于2014年为美国众议院外交事务委员会作证,称中国政府正在威胁美国的学术自由。

In his congressional testimony, CHRD secretary Link insisted the US government should crack down on the Chinese government’s Confucius Institute organization and instead fund its own pro-US Chinese-language programs. Link characterized Chinese-language programs as a potential American weapon against the Chinese communist party, arguing they could “very arguably do more to blunt the CPC’s advance than the [B-2 Spirit Bomber] airplane could.”

他在证词中坚称美国政府应该打压孔子学院并资助他自己的汉语项目。佩里·林克(Perry Link)称他的汉语项目对美国有利,可以用作对付共产党的武器,号称“在阻挡共产党的攻势上比B-2轰炸机还管用”。

These are some of the pro-US, anti-Chinese government figures who lead the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders.

以上就是几位援美反华的“中国人权捍卫者”的领导。

Otherwise, there is very little publicly available information about CHRD. It appears to largely be the brainchild of its international director, Renee Xia, an opposition activist who has publicly called for the US government to impose sanctions on Chinese officials under the Magnitsky Act.

另外,从公开渠道很难找到“中国人权捍卫者”的情况。成立该组织似乎是其董事夏莱尼的主意,她一直公开要求美国政府利用“马格尼茨基法案”制裁中国官员。

Support for a ‘non violence advocate’ who loves America’s wars

支持热衷于美国各式战争的“非暴力倡导者”

The Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders’ founder, Xia, was a strong supporter of the imprisoned hard-right neoconservative Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo, and she campaigned years for his release.

“中国人权捍卫者”的创立者夏莱尼是强硬的新保守主义右派刘晓波的坚定支持者。她一直举办活动要求释放刘晓波。

An archived version of the group’s website shows that as far back as 2010, CHRD was vociferously advocating on behalf of Liu, while likening the Chinese government to Nazi Germany.

“中国人权捍卫者”网站的快照页显示,早在2010年,该组织就为刘晓波奔走疾呼,并将中国政府比作纳粹德国。

While Liu Xiaobo became a cause celebre of the Western liberal intelligensia, he was a staunch supporter of colonialism, a fan of the most blood-soaked US military campaigns, and a hardcore libertarian.

虽然刘晓波案在西方广受关注,但他是一个坚定的殖民主义支持者,热衷于最血腥的军事行动,还是个自由主义者。

As writers Barry Sautman and Yan Hairong reported in The Guardian in 2010, Liu led numerous US government-funded right-wing organizations that advocated mass privatization and the Westernization of China. He also expressed openly racist views against the Chinese. “To choose Westernisation is to choose to be human,” Liu insisted, lamenting that traditional Chinese culture had made its population “wimpy, spineless, and fucked up.”

根据作家巴里·苏特曼和闫海荣2010年在《卫报》发表的文章,刘晓波领导着好几个美国政府资助的右翼组织,这些组织倡导大规模私有化和中国西化。他还公开发表针对中国人的种族主义言论。他坚称,“选择西化就是选择真正做人”。他还对中国传统文化表示失望,称其让中国人“懦弱、没骨气”。

While CHRD described Liu as an “advocate of non-violence,” he practically worshiped President George W. Bush and strongly supported the illegal US-led invasion of Iraq, as well as the war in Afghanistan. “Non-violence advocate” Liu was even a fan of America’s wars in Korea and Vietnam, which killed millions of civilians.

虽然“中国人权捍卫者”称刘晓波是“非暴力倡导者”,但实际上他崇拜小布什,强烈支持美国非法发动的伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争。“非暴力倡导者”刘晓波甚至还追捧导致数百万平民死亡的朝鲜战争和越南战争。

CHRD’s most recent China report — the one cited by Reuters and other outlets to give credence to the allegations of Uyghur re-education camps — further highlights the organization’s links to Washington and compromised impartiality.

“中国人权捍卫者”最近的一份报告进一步证实了该组织与美国政府的关系,说明其并非中立组织。路透社和其他媒体也是援引的这份报告来证实维族再教育营的真实性。

Most sources on the Uighur ‘camps’ story are US government-linked

大多数涉及维族再教育营的消息源都与美国政府有关

A look at the sourcing of the Network of Chinese Human Rights Defenders’ research raises many doubts about its legitimacy. For one, the most-cited source in the CHRD report, accounting for more than one-fifth of the 101 references, is Radio Free Asia, a news agency created by the CIA during the Cold War pump out anti-China propaganda, and still today funded by the US government.

“中国人权捍卫者”发表的研究报告中引用的消息源让人怀疑其真实性。比如,报告中引用最多的消息源是自由亚洲电台,在101项参考引用中占比超过五分之一。自由亚洲电台是美国中央情报局在冷战时期创立的,用于反华宣传,今天仍然受美国政府资助。

Even The New York Times has referred to Radio Free Asia as a “Worldwide Propaganda Network Built by the CIA.” Along with Voice of America, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Radio y Televisión Martí, and Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Radio Free Asia (RFA) is operated by the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), a federal agency of the US government under the supervision of the State Department. Describing its work as “vital to U.S. national interests,” BBG’s primary broadcasting standard is to be “consistent with the broad foreign policy objectives of the United States.”

就连《纽约时报》也说自由亚洲电台是“中央情报局打造的全球宣传机构”。自由亚洲电台与美国之音、自由欧洲电台/自由电台,马尔蒂广播电视台、中东广播网一样,都由美国广播管理理事会运营。该理事会是一个联邦政府机构,由美国国务院领导。广播管理理事会称其工作“对美国国家利益至关重要”,其广播标准“与美国外交政策大目标保持一致”。

The near-total reliance on Washington-linked sources is characteristic of Western reporting on Uighurs Muslims in China, and on the country in general, which regularly features sensational headlines and allegations.

西方的关于中国维吾尔族穆斯林的报道和其他涉华报道几乎全都依据与美国政府有关的消息源,这些报道通常都是标题党。

In addition to CHRD and RFA, it is common for news reports to cite the World Uighur Congress, an organization funded by the NED. At a recent NED event, The Grayzone editor Max Blumenthal interviewed World Uighur Congress chairman Omer Kanat, who took credit for furnishing many of the claims of internment camps to Western media.

除了“中国人权捍卫者”和自由亚洲电台,新闻报道里另一个经常引用的消息源是世界维吾尔族大会,它是一个受美国国家民主基金会资助的组织。在美国国家民主基金会最近的一次会议上,灰色地带网站编辑麦克斯·布鲁门塔尔采访了“世维会”副主席殴默·卡纳特(Omer Kanat),他向西方媒体提供了许多拘留营的情况。

Another putative human rights organization whose dubious reports are frequently echoed by Radio Free Asia, the International Uyghur Human Rights and Democracy Foundation, is likewise bankrolled by the National Endowment for Democracy.

另一个被认定的人权组织——国际维吾尔人权与民主基金会所发布的可疑报告经常被自由亚洲电台引用,该组织同样也得到了美国国家民主基金会的资助。

2009 NED funding for the International Uyghur Human Rights and Democracy Foundation
2009年美国国家民主基金会向国际维族人权与民主基金会拨款

This group received a staggering $473,608 from the NED in 2009, along with $240,000 in 2010 and another $187,918 grant in 2011, putting it in the top tier of grantees those years.

该组织在2009年从美国国家民主基金会获得了惊人的473,608美元,2010年和2011年分别获得了240,000美元和187,918美元的资助,是那几年获得拨款最多的机构之一。

The US government’s regime-change arm similarly finances the Uyghur American Association. This group, another source for Radio Free Asia stories, raked in $280,000 grants from the NED in 2010 and then again in 2011, along with $265,000 in 2009.

美国国家民主基金会还资助美国维吾尔协会。这家协会是自由亚洲电台报道里另一个经常引用的消息源。2009年从美国国家民主基金会获得265,000美元,20102011均获得280,000美元。

2011 NED funding for the Uyghur American Association
2011年美国国家民主基金会向维吾尔美国协会拨款

Yet another favorite congressional and mainstream media source for information about China is the Jamestown Foundation, a neoconservative think tank founded during the height of the Cold War by Reagan administration personnel with the support of then-CIA Director William J. Casey.  Former Jamestown board members include Dick Cheney and Zbigniew Brzezinski.

另一个国会和主流媒体最喜欢的有关中国的信息来源是詹姆斯顿基金会,这是一个新保守主义的智库,由里根政府人员在冷战高峰时期建立,受到当时的中央情报局局长威廉·凯西(William J. Casey)支持。詹姆斯顿董事会的前成员包括迪克·切尼(Dick Cheney )和兹比格涅夫·布热津斯基(Zbigniew Brzezinski)。

The latest incident of misreporting by Reuters is part of a trend of increasingly hostile, Cold War-like coverage of China by the Western press — one that coincides with Washington’s push for conflict with Beijing.

西方媒体的涉华报道越来越充满敌意,冷战意味浓厚,路透社最近的假新闻也是在跟随这一趋势。而中美此时恰巧正处于对峙状态。

In a series of policy statements, the Trump administration has repeatedly identified the “threat” posed by “economic and military ascendance” of China, with Defense Secretary James Mattis declaring that “Great Power competition, not terrorism, is now the primary focus of U.S. national security.”

在一系列政策声明中,特朗普政府多次提到中国“经济和军事实力”带来的“威胁”。美国国防部长马蒂斯宣称,“美国国家安全的重点是大国竞争,而非恐怖主义”。

Growing anxious about its diminishing global dominance, the United States seeks to forestall the rise of of an alternative node of international power. A longstanding component of US imperialism is the use of ostensibly impartial “civil society groups” and “think tanks” to promote narratives in the media supportive of US foreign policy goals. Often under the guise of “humanitarian concern,” such stories aim to stir up public outrage and weaponize it to advance imperial ambitions.

美国担心自己的全球统治力会越来越弱,想抢先阻止其他大国崛起。美帝国主义一直就有利用表面上中立的“公民社团组织”和“智库”在媒体上发声,从而支援美国外交政策目标的习惯。这些报道经常打着“人道主义关怀”的幌子,实际上是要挑起大众的怒火,利用其来实现帝国野心。

This time-tested program is at the heart of the intensifying campaign against China, and as the latest raft of bogus stories demonstrated, the corporate media is eager to play along

这种经久不衰的模式就是对华攻势的核心。最近大量的假新闻则证明媒体很喜欢玩儿这一手。

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